What is the suspected pathogenesis of vaccine-induced sarcoma in cats?

The suspected pathogenesis of vaccine-induced sarcoma in cats involves chronic inflammation. When a vaccine is administered, it can trigger a prolonged inflammatory response at the site of injection. This sustained inflammation is thought to create an environment conducive to cellular mutations and the subsequent development of neoplasms, particularly in genetically predisposed animals.

In this context, the role of free radicals and metabolites is emphasized, as they can generate oxidative stress that damages DNA and promotes tumorigenesis. Over time, the combination of chronic inflammation and the accumulation of cellular damage can lead to the formation of a sarcoma at the vaccine site.

The other hypotheses, while they touch on different aspects of immune response or toxicology, do not fully encompass the mechanism seen in vaccine-induced sarcomas. Immediate cell death from vaccine components may occur but does not explain the tumor formation process. An autoimmune response might lead to tissue damage, but again, it does not align with the chronic inflammation theory frequently observed in this specific context. Lastly, direct viral oncogenesis typically involves the integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome, which is not applicable to the majority of vaccines that are utilized for disease prevention in feline patients. Thus, chronic inflammation stands out as the primary factor linking vaccination with sarcoma